Natural gas, biomethane, and hydrogen: the engineering of the energy transition in distribution networks
- Apr 24
- 1 min read
As the energy transition progresses, one of the most relevant—and least visible—challenges lies in adapting existing infrastructure. A recent study on natural gas networks indicates that the progressive integration of biomethane and hydrogen emerges as a strategic solution to decarbonize the sector without requiring massive investments in new transport networks in the short term. In the Brazilian case, this approach gains relevance given the extensive capillarity of the natural gas network and the need to align energy security with climate goals.
Technical limitations and innovation define the pace of energy integration
Analysis of the state-of-the-art projects in Brazil and abroad reveals that the transition to low-carbon gases tends to occur gradually, starting with the incorporation of biomethane and advancing to the controlled blending of hydrogen. In Brazil, regulatory guidelines already point to the insertion of up to 5% hydrogen into the network by 2032, with expansion to 10% by 2050, using existing infrastructure—provided it is subjected to rigorous technical evaluations.
This is because hydrogen has significantly different physicochemical properties from natural gas: its lower energy density, higher diffusivity, and greater sensitivity to leaks pose operational and safety challenges, such as the risk of material embrittlement and the need for adjustments in pressure and storage. Even so, studies indicate that, at moderate mixing levels, the impacts on pipelines and end-use equipment are manageable. The advancement of this agenda will therefore depend on the convergence of technological innovation, regulatory review, and economic feasibility tests—essential elements for transforming the current infrastructure into a strategic asset for the energy transition.
